Biotechnology MCQs | CareerMCQs

Microbial Biotechnology

Which of the following is not a method used in microbial biotechnology?
a) Gene cloning
b) Fermentation
c) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
d) Photosynthesis

Answer: d) Photosynthesis

Which technique is commonly used to amplify specific DNA sequences in microbial biotechnology?
a) ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
b) Southern blotting
c) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
d) Gel electrophoresis

Answer: c) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified microorganism used in industrial processes?
a) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
b) Escherichia coli
c) Aspergillus niger
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the primary application of microbial biotechnology in agriculture?
a) Development of genetically modified crops
b) Production of biofuels
c) Synthesis of pharmaceuticals
d) Waste management

Answer: a) Development of genetically modified crops

Which of the following is an example of a product obtained through microbial fermentation?
a) Insulin
b) Antibiotics
c) Ethanol
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to identify and quantify microorganisms in a sample?
a) DNA sequencing
b) Fluorescence microscopy
c) Flow cytometry
d) ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

Answer: c) Flow cytometry

What is the role of microorganisms in bioremediation?
a) They degrade pollutants and toxic substances.
b) They enhance plant growth through nitrogen fixation.
c) They produce enzymes for industrial processes.
d) They aid in the production of vaccines.

Answer: a) They degrade pollutants and toxic substances.

Which technique is used to transfer foreign DNA into microorganisms in genetic engineering?
a) Gel electrophoresis
b) Transformation
c) Southern blotting
d) Western blotting

Answer: b) Transformation

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to identify bacteria based on their unique genetic sequences?
a) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
b) DNA sequencing
c) ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
d) Western blotting

Answer: b) DNA sequencing

What is the role of microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants?
a) They convert organic matter into biogas.
b) They remove harmful chemicals and pathogens.
c) They produce enzymes for industrial processes.
d) They aid in the production of antibiotics.

Answer: b) They remove harmful chemicals and pathogens.

Which of the following is an example of a product derived from microbial biotechnology used in the food industry?
a) Cheese
b) Sugar
c) Textiles
d) Paint

Answer: a) Cheese

Which technique is used to determine the presence of specific proteins in a sample in microbial biotechnology?
a) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
b) ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Flow cytometry

Answer: b) ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

Which of the following is a commonly used microbial host for the production of recombinant proteins?
a) Streptococcus
b) Lactobacillus
c) Bacillus
d) Escherichia coli

Answer: d) Escherichia coli

What is the role of microorganisms in the production of biofuels?
a) They convert sunlight into energy.
b) They break down biomass to produce fuel.
c) They synthesize chemicals for fuel production.
d) They aid in the extraction of fossil fuels.

Answer: b) They break down biomass to produce fuel.

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to introduce new genetic material into plants?
a) Gene cloning
b) Cell culture
c) Tissue engineering
d) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

Answer: d) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

What is the role of microorganisms in the nitrogen cycle?
a) They fix atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants.
b) They convert nitrogen compounds into ammonia.
c) They break down ammonia into nitrates and nitrites.
d) They convert nitrates back into atmospheric nitrogen.

Answer: a) They fix atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants.

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to produce vaccines?
a) Fermentation
b) Gene editing
c) DNA sequencing
d) Western blotting

Answer: a) Fermentation

What is the primary application of microbial biotechnology in the pharmaceutical industry?
a) Production of antibiotics
b) Production of bioplastics
c) Production of renewable energy
d) Production of textiles

Answer: a) Production of antibiotics

Which technique is used to separate and analyze DNA fragments based on their size in microbial biotechnology?
a) Southern blotting
b) Western blotting
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Flow cytometry

Answer: c) Gel electrophoresis

What is the role of microorganisms in the degradation of environmental pollutants?
a) They produce toxins that neutralize pollutants.
b) They convert pollutants into harmless substances.
c) They aid in the dispersal of pollutants into the atmosphere.
d) They accelerate the accumulation of pollutants.

Answer: b) They convert pollutants into harmless substances.

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to create genetically modified organisms by introducing foreign genes into their genomes?
a) Gene editing
b) Transcription
c) Translation
d) Transfection

Answer: a) Gene editing

Which of the following is an example of a microorganism used in the production of biopesticides?
a) Trichoderma
b) Pseudomonas
c) Candida
d) Salmonella

Answer: a) Trichoderma

What is the role of microorganisms in the production of enzymes for industrial processes?
a) They synthesize enzymes from inorganic compounds.
b) They extract enzymes from plant sources.
c) They produce enzymes through fermentation or recombinant DNA technology.
d) They aid in the purification of enzymes from animal tissues.

Answer: c) They produce enzymes through fermentation or recombinant DNA technology.

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to study the expression patterns of genes in an organism?
a) Microarray analysis
b) Chromatography
c) Immunohistochemistry
d) Cell culture

Answer: a) Microarray analysis

What is the primary application of microbial biotechnology in environmental monitoring?
a) Detection of waterborne pathogens
b) Analysis of soil composition
c) Monitoring air quality
d) Assessment of biodiversity

Answer: a) Detection of waterborne pathogens

Which of the following is an example of a microorganism used in the production of bioplastics?
a) Rhizopus
b) Streptomyces
c) Chlamydomonas
d) Saccharomyces

Answer: a) Rhizopus

What is the role of microorganisms in the production of secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics?
a) They provide structural support to the organisms.
b) They assist in reproduction and cell division.
c) They produce compounds that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
d) They generate energy for cellular activities.

Answer: c) They produce compounds that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to identify and characterize microorganisms based on their protein profiles?
a) Mass spectrometry
b) Immunofluorescence
c) Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)
d) Cell staining

Answer: a) Mass spectrometry

What is the role of microorganisms in the production of probiotics?
a) They enhance the flavor and aroma of food products.
b) They aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gut.
c) They produce enzymes that break down complex carbohydrates.
d) They contribute to the production of vitamins in the body.

Answer: b) They aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gut.

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to study the interactions between microorganisms and their environment?
a) Metagenomics
b) Proteomics
c) Transcriptomics
d) Metabolomics

Answer: a) Metagenomics

Which of the following is an example of a microbial biotechnology application in the textile industry?
a) Production of synthetic dyes
b) Fabric weaving techniques
c) Quality control in textile manufacturing
d) Clothing design and fashion trends

Answer: a) Production of synthetic dyes

What is the role of microorganisms in the production of biofertilizers?
a) They fix atmospheric carbon dioxide for plant growth.
b) They produce chemicals that enhance soil fertility.
c) They break down organic matter into essential nutrients.
d) They aid in the photosynthesis process of plants.

Answer: b) They produce chemicals that enhance soil fertility.

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to analyze gene expression levels in different tissues or cell types?
a) Northern blotting
b) Western blotting
c) Southern blotting
d) Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Answer: d) Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

What is the role of microorganisms in the production of biocontrol agents?
a) They enhance crop growth through natural pollination.
b) They produce chemicals that repel pests and insects.
c) They regulate the populations of harmful organisms.
d) They aid in the process of seed germination.

Answer: c) They regulate the populations of harmful organisms.

Which of the following is an example of a microorganism used in the production of bioethanol?
a) Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
b) Candida albicans
c) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer: c) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

What is the role of microorganisms in the production of biogas?
a) They convert organic waste into methane and carbon dioxide.
b) They generate electricity through microbial fuel cells.
c) They produce biofuels from agricultural residues.
d) They release oxygen through the process of photosynthesis.

Answer: a) They convert organic waste into methane and carbon dioxide.

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to determine the presence of specific microbial DNA sequences in environmental samples?
a) Metatranscriptomics
b) Metaproteomics
c) Metagenomics
d) Metabolomics

Answer: c) Metagenomics

What is the role of microorganisms in the production of bio-surfactants?
a) They facilitate the formation of stable emulsions.
b) They enhance the texture and flavor of food products.
c) They produce compounds that reduce surface tension.
d) They contribute to the process of water purification.

Answer: c) They produce compounds that reduce surface tension.

Which of the following is an example of a microorganism used in the production of single-cell protein?
a) Spirulina
b) Plasmodium
c) Trypanosoma
d) Leishmania

Answer: a) Spirulina

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to study the function and interactions of proteins within a cell?
a) Protein crystallization
b) Protein engineering
c) Protein localization
d) Protein-protein interaction analysis

Answer: d) Protein-protein interaction analysis

What is the role of microorganisms in the production of bio-based chemicals?
a) They act as catalysts in chemical reactions.
b) They produce chemicals through fermentation or biotransformation.
c) They extract chemicals from natural sources.
d) They aid in the synthesis of inorganic compounds.

Answer: b) They produce chemicals through fermentation or biotransformation.

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to determine the metabolic activities of microorganisms under specific conditions?
a) Flux analysis
b) Metabolite profiling
c) Genomic sequencing
d) Transcriptional profiling

Answer: a) Flux analysis

What is the role of microorganisms in the bioremediation of oil spills?
a) They break down oil into harmless substances.
b) They facilitate the dispersion of oil in water.
c) They absorb oil through physical adsorption.
d) They prevent the formation of oil slicks.

Answer: a) They break down oil into harmless substances.

Which of the following is an example of a microorganism used in the production of vitamins?
a) Streptococcus thermophilus
b) Aspergillus oryzae
c) Clostridium botulinum
d) Staphylococcus aureus

Answer: b) Aspergillus oryzae

What is the role of microorganisms in the production of bio-based plastics?
a) They act as catalysts in polymerization reactions.
b) They produce polymers through fermentation or enzymatic processes.
c) They extract plastics from natural sources.
d) They aid in the recycling of plastic waste.

Answer: b) They produce polymers through fermentation or enzymatic processes.

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to analyze the diversity and composition of microbial communities?
a) 16S rRNA sequencing
b) Microbial staining
c) Microarray analysis
d) Antibiotic susceptibility testing

Answer: a) 16S rRNA sequencing

What is the role of microorganisms in the production of bio-based solvents?
a) They extract solvents from plant sources.
b) They break down organic compounds into volatile solvents.
c) They produce solvents through fermentation or enzymatic processes.
d) They enhance the stability of solvents in chemical reactions.

Answer: c) They produce solvents through fermentation or enzymatic processes.

Which of the following is an example of a microorganism used in the production of bioinsecticides?
a) Bacillus thuringiensis
b) Escherichia coli
c) Staphylococcus epidermidis
d) Streptomyces coelicolor

Answer: a) Bacillus thuringiensis

Which microbial biotechnology technique is used to study the role of genes in disease development and progression?
a) Knockout studies
b) Transgenic animal models
c) Proteomic profiling
d) Cellular imaging techniques

Answer: a) Knockout studies

What is the role of microorganisms in the production of bio-based detergents?
a) They enhance the cleaning power of detergents.
b) They produce enzymes that break down stains and dirt.
c) They extract detergent compounds from natural sources.
d) They improve the fragrance and color of detergents.

Answer: b) They produce enzymes that break down stains and dirt.

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology MCQs

Biotechnology MCQs

Which of the following is a common application of pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) Development of new drugs
b) Production of biofuels
c) Genetic engineering of crops
d) Cleaning up environmental pollutants
Answer: a) Development of new drugs

What is the primary goal of pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To develop pharmaceutical products using natural sources
b) To produce generic drugs at a lower cost
c) To utilize biotechnological techniques in drug discovery and development
d) To promote the use of herbal medicine
Answer: c) To utilize biotechnological techniques in drug discovery and development

Which technique is commonly used in pharmaceutical biotechnology to produce therapeutic proteins?
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b) Gene therapy
c) Cell culture and fermentation
d) DNA sequencing
Answer: c) Cell culture and fermentation

What is the significance of monoclonal antibodies in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) They are used as diagnostic tools in medical laboratories
b) They can be used to target specific cancer cells
c) They are used to treat autoimmune diseases
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

What is the role of genetic engineering in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) It allows for the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as drug sources
b) It enables the development of gene therapies for genetic disorders
c) It facilitates the creation of genetically engineered bacteria for drug production
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

What is the purpose of clinical trials in the field of pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs
b) To evaluate the production methods of pharmaceuticals
c) To determine the optimal dosage of existing drugs
d) To compare the effectiveness of different drug delivery systems
Answer: a) To assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs

What is the role of bioinformatics in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) It involves the use of computer algorithms to analyze biological data
b) It helps in the design and optimization of drug molecules
c) It aids in identifying potential drug targets
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Which regulatory agency is responsible for overseeing the approval and safety of pharmaceutical biotechnology products in the United States?
a) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
b) National Institutes of Health (NIH)
c) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
d) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Answer: a) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

What is the significance of biosimilars in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) They are identical copies of existing biologic drugs
b) They provide more affordable alternatives to expensive biologic drugs
c) They undergo rigorous testing to ensure their similarity to the reference drug
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is an example of a biologic drug in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) Aspirin
b) Insulin
c) Ibuprofen
d) Paracetamol
Answer: b) Insulin

Which process is used to purify and separate proteins in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) Chromatography
b) Polymerization
c) Electrolysis
d) Distillation
Answer: a) Chromatography

What is the purpose of gene cloning in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To produce large quantities of specific genes
b) To introduce foreign genes into host organisms
c) To create genetically modified organisms
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

What is the role of pharmacogenomics in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) It studies how genetics influence an individual’s response to drugs
b) It focuses on the development of personalized medicine
c) It helps in identifying genetic markers for drug efficacy and safety
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Which technique is used to deliver genetic material into cells in gene therapy?
a) Electrophoresis
b) Western blotting
c) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
d) Viral vectors
Answer: d) Viral vectors

What is the purpose of formulation development in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To optimize the dosage form and delivery system of a drug
b) To identify potential drug targets
c) To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a drug candidate
d) To produce large-scale quantities of a drug
Answer: a) To optimize the dosage form and delivery system of a drug

What is the significance of recombinant DNA technology in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) It allows the production of proteins with therapeutic potential
b) It enables the creation of genetically modified organisms for drug production
c) It facilitates the development of novel vaccines
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is an example of a biopharmaceutical in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) Antibiotic
b) Antacid
c) Growth hormone
d) Antihistamine
Answer: c) Growth hormone

What is the purpose of downstream processing in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To recover and purify the desired product from a biotechnological process
b) To optimize the growth conditions of cells in a bioreactor
c) To modify the genetic material of a host organism
d) To identify potential drug targets
Answer: a) To recover and purify the desired product from a biotechnological process

What is the role of quality control in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To ensure that pharmaceutical products meet specified standards
b) To assess the safety and efficacy of drug candidates
c) To optimize the production methods of pharmaceuticals
d) To determine the optimal dosage of existing drugs
Answer: a) To ensure that pharmaceutical products meet specified standards

Which regulatory agency is responsible for overseeing the approval and safety of pharmaceutical biotechnology products in the European Union?
a) European Medicines Agency (EMA)
b) European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
c) European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
d) European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
Answer: a) European Medicines Agency (EMA)

What is the role of biosensors in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) They are used for the detection and measurement of biomolecules in pharmaceutical analysis.
b) They aid in monitoring drug delivery and patient compliance.
c) They enable real-time monitoring of biological processes during drug development.
d) All of the above.
Answer: d) All of the above.

Which technique is commonly used for the production of vaccines in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
b) Recombinant DNA technology
c) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
d) Gene silencing
Answer: b) Recombinant DNA technology

What is the purpose of preclinical studies in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To assess the safety and efficacy of drug candidates in animal models
b) To determine the optimal dosage and formulation of a drug candidate
c) To evaluate the potential side effects of a drug candidate
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is an example of a therapeutic vaccine in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) Influenza vaccine
b) Tetanus vaccine
c) Cancer vaccine
d) Measles vaccine
Answer: c) Cancer vaccine

What is the significance of gene editing in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) It enables precise modification of the genetic material in organisms.
b) It can be used to correct genetic defects in diseases.
c) It has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of genetic disorders.
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

What is the purpose of bioprocessing in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To scale up the production of biopharmaceuticals for commercial use
b) To optimize the growth conditions of cells in a bioreactor
c) To purify and separate the desired product from a biotechnological process
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is an example of a platform technology used in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) CRISPR-Cas9
b) Western blotting
c) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
d) Gel electrophoresis
Answer: a) CRISPR-Cas9

What is the role of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) It enables targeted drug delivery to specific cells or tissues.
b) It enhances the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
c) It improves the stability and shelf life of pharmaceutical products.
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

What is the purpose of bioequivalence studies in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To compare the pharmacokinetic properties of a generic drug with its reference drug.
b) To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new drug in clinical trials.
c) To determine the optimal formulation and dosage of a drug candidate.
d) To assess the potential side effects of a drug candidate.
Answer: a) To compare the pharmacokinetic properties of a generic drug with its reference drug.

Which regulatory agency is responsible for overseeing the approval and safety of pharmaceutical biotechnology products in Japan?
a) Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA)
b) Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)
c) Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
d) All of the above

What is the purpose of genetic screening in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To identify individuals at risk for genetic diseases
b) To determine the presence of specific genetic mutations
c) To personalize treatment plans based on genetic information
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is an example of a bioreactor used in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) Stirred-tank bioreactor
b) PCR machine
c) Microarray scanner
d) Centrifuge
Answer: a) Stirred-tank bioreactor

What is the role of transgenic animals in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) They can be used as bioreactors for the production of therapeutic proteins.
b) They help in studying the functions and interactions of genes.
c) They aid in the development and testing of new drugs.
d) All of the above.
Answer: d) All of the above.

What is the purpose of pharmacovigilance in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To monitor and evaluate the safety of pharmaceutical products post-marketing.
b) To assess the efficacy of new drugs in clinical trials.
c) To optimize the production methods of pharmaceuticals.
d) To determine the optimal dosage of existing drugs.
Answer: a) To monitor and evaluate the safety of pharmaceutical products post-marketing.

Which technique is used to determine the three-dimensional structure of proteins in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) X-ray crystallography
b) Mass spectrometry
c) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
d) Immunohistochemistry
Answer: a) X-ray crystallography

What is the significance of orphan drugs in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) They are used to treat rare diseases.
b) They receive special incentives and support due to their limited market.
c) They undergo accelerated approval processes.
d) All of the above.
Answer: d) All of the above.

What is the role of stem cells in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) They can be used for tissue regeneration and repair.
b) They aid in drug discovery and toxicity testing.
c) They have the potential to treat various diseases.
d) All of the above.
Answer: d) All of the above.

Which technique is used to analyze gene expression patterns in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) Microarray analysis
b) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Western blotting
Answer: a) Microarray analysis

What is the purpose of clinical pharmacokinetics in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To study the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs in the body.
b) To evaluate the safety and efficacy of drug candidates in clinical trials.
c) To optimize the formulation and dosage of a drug.
d) To identify potential drug targets.
Answer: a) To study the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs in the body.

Which regulatory agency is responsible for overseeing the approval and safety of pharmaceutical biotechnology products in Canada?
a) Health Canada
b) Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
c) Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)
d) Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC)
Answer: a) Health Canada

What is the purpose of genomics in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To study the structure and function of genomes.
b) To identify genetic variations associated with diseases.
c) To develop personalized medicine based on genetic information.
d) All of the above.
Answer: d) All of the above.

Which technique is used to deliver therapeutic genes into cells in gene therapy?
a) Electroporation
b) Transfection
c) Gene editing
d) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Answer: b) Transfection

What is the significance of drug repurposing in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) It involves finding new therapeutic uses for existing drugs.
b) It can accelerate the drug development process.
c) It offers potential cost and time savings.
d) All of the above.
Answer: d) All of the above.

What is the role of immunotherapy in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) It harnesses the power of the immune system to treat diseases.
b) It involves the use of antibodies or immune cells to target specific molecules or cells.
c) It can be used in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune disorders.
d) All of the above.
Answer: d) All of the above.

Which technique is used to analyze the proteome in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) Mass spectrometry
b) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
c) Western blotting
d) DNA sequencing
Answer: a) Mass spectrometry

What is the purpose of regulatory affairs in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To ensure compliance with regulatory requirements for drug development and approval.
b) To prepare and submit regulatory submissions to authorities.
c) To monitor and report adverse events related to pharmaceutical products.
d) All of the above.
Answer: d) All of the above.

Which of the following is an example of a cell-based assay used in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
b) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
c) Flow cytometry
d) Spectrophotometry
Answer: c) Flow cytometry

What is the role of bioethics in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To address ethical issues related to the use of biotechnology in medicine.
b) To ensure the protection of human subjects in clinical trials.
c) To promote responsible and ethical conduct in research and development.
d) All of the above.
Answer: d) All of the above.

What is the purpose of target validation in pharmaceutical biotechnology?
a) To confirm the biological target’s relevance to a disease.
b) To assess the potential of a target for drug development.
c) To identify and validate biomarkers associated with the target.
d) All of the above.
Answer: d) All of the above.

Medical Biotechnology MCQs

Biotechnology MCQs

What is the primary goal of medical biotechnology?
a) To develop new drugs
b) To treat genetic diseases
c) To enhance medical imaging techniques
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following techniques is commonly used in medical biotechnology to amplify DNA sequences?
a) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Southern blotting
d) DNA sequencing
Answer: a) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

What is the function of recombinant DNA technology in medical biotechnology?
a) To produce genetically modified organisms
b) To create artificial organs
c) To develop gene therapies
d) To purify proteins
Answer: c) To develop gene therapies

Which of the following is an example of a medical biotechnology product?
a) Insulin produced by genetically engineered bacteria
b) Artificial heart valves
c) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines
d) Prosthetic limbs
Answer: a) Insulin produced by genetically engineered bacteria

Which of the following is a potential application of gene therapy in medical biotechnology?
a) Correcting genetic disorders
b) Creating stem cells from adult tissues
c) Enhancing athletic performance
d) Developing new antibiotics
Answer: a) Correcting genetic disorders

What is the significance of monoclonal antibodies in medical biotechnology?
a) They are used to detect specific proteins or cells in diagnostics
b) They can be used as therapeutic agents to target cancer cells
c) They have applications in immunotherapy
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

What is the purpose of pharmacogenomics in medical biotechnology?
a) To develop personalized medicine based on an individual’s genetic makeup
b) To study the effects of drugs on the environment
c) To identify novel drug targets for infectious diseases
d) To enhance the shelf life of pharmaceutical products
Answer: a) To develop personalized medicine based on an individual’s genetic makeup

What is the role of stem cells in medical biotechnology?
a) They can differentiate into various cell types for regenerative medicine
b) They can be used to produce genetically modified organisms
c) They are used to create artificial organs and tissues
d) They help in developing new vaccines
Answer: a) They can differentiate into various cell types for regenerative medicine

What is the function of CRISPR-Cas9 in medical biotechnology?
a) To edit or modify specific genes
b) To study the structure of proteins
c) To analyze DNA sequences in a large-scale manner
d) To produce recombinant proteins
Answer: a) To edit or modify specific genes

Which of the following techniques is used to analyze gene expression in medical biotechnology?
a) Microarray analysis
b) Western blotting
c) Mass spectrometry
d) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
Answer: a) Microarray analysis

Which technique is commonly used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule?
a) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Southern blotting
d) DNA sequencing
Answer: d) DNA sequencing

What is the purpose of RNA interference (RNAi) in medical biotechnology?
a) To inhibit the expression of specific genes
b) To amplify DNA sequences
c) To create artificial organs
d) To purify proteins
Answer: a) To inhibit the expression of specific genes

Which of the following is an application of nanotechnology in medical biotechnology?
a) Targeted drug delivery
b) Cell culture techniques
c) Gene cloning
d) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Answer: a) Targeted drug delivery

What is the role of bioreactors in medical biotechnology?
a) To produce large quantities of pharmaceutical proteins or antibodies
b) To analyze gene expression profiles
c) To study protein-protein interactions
d) To determine the three-dimensional structure of proteins
Answer: a) To produce large quantities of pharmaceutical proteins or antibodies

Which of the following is an example of a therapeutic vaccine in medical biotechnology?
a) Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
b) Malaria prophylactic vaccine
c) Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine
d) Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Answer: c) Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine

What is the function of gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 in medical biotechnology?
a) To correct genetic mutations associated with diseases
b) To visualize cellular structures
c) To measure gene expression levels
d) To purify proteins
Answer: a) To correct genetic mutations associated with diseases

Which of the following techniques is used to determine protein-protein interactions in medical biotechnology?
a) Western blotting
b) ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
c) Flow cytometry
d) Yeast two-hybrid system
Answer: d) Yeast two-hybrid system

What is the significance of bioinformatics in medical biotechnology?
a) It aids in the analysis of large-scale biological data
b) It involves the engineering of artificial organs
c) It focuses on the development of medical imaging techniques
d) It studies the principles of genetic inheritance
Answer: a) It aids in the analysis of large-scale biological data

What is the purpose of tissue engineering in medical biotechnology?
a) To develop functional replacement tissues or organs
b) To study the effects of drugs on cells
c) To analyze the genetic makeup of populations
d) To measure protein concentrations in samples
Answer: a) To develop functional replacement tissues or organs

Which of the following is an example of a diagnostic tool used in medical biotechnology?
a) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
b) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
c) Electrophoresis
d) ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
Answer: d) ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

What is the purpose of gene cloning in medical biotechnology?
a) To produce multiple copies of a specific gene
b) To analyze protein structures
c) To create artificial organs
d) To purify enzymes
Answer: a) To produce multiple copies of a specific gene

Which of the following is an application of stem cell therapy in medical biotechnology?
a) Treatment of spinal cord injuries
b) Development of cancer vaccines
c) Production of monoclonal antibodies
d) Analysis of gene expression patterns
Answer: a) Treatment of spinal cord injuries

What is the role of DNA microarrays in medical biotechnology?
a) To analyze gene expression levels
b) To create artificial organs
c) To study protein-protein interactions
d) To purify proteins
Answer: a) To analyze gene expression levels

Which of the following is an example of a biopharmaceutical in medical biotechnology?
a) Aspirin
b) Ibuprofen
c) Insulin
d) Antibiotics
Answer: c) Insulin

What is the function of CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) in medical biotechnology?
a) To regulate gene expression
b) To amplify DNA sequences
c) To create artificial organs
d) To purify proteins
Answer: a) To regulate gene expression

Which of the following is an application of genome editing in medical biotechnology?
a) Treatment of genetic diseases
b) Production of antibiotics
c) Analysis of protein structures
d) Development of medical imaging techniques
Answer: a) Treatment of genetic diseases

What is the significance of bioethics in medical biotechnology?
a) It addresses ethical issues related to biotechnological research and applications
b) It focuses on the development of gene therapies
c) It studies the principles of inheritance
d) It analyzes the impact of medical devices on patient health
Answer: a) It addresses ethical issues related to biotechnological research and applications

Which of the following techniques is used to analyze protein structures in medical biotechnology?
a) X-ray crystallography
b) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
c) Gene cloning
d) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Answer: a) X-ray crystallography

What is the purpose of personalized medicine in medical biotechnology?
a) To tailor medical treatments to an individual’s genetic makeup
b) To study the effects of drugs on cells
c) To analyze gene expression patterns
d) To produce genetically modified organisms
Answer: a) To tailor medical treatments to an individual’s genetic makeup

Which of the following is an example of a therapeutic antibody in medical biotechnology?
a) Penicillin
b) Aspirin
c) Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
d) Acetaminophen
Answer: c) Trastuzumab (Herceptin)

What is the purpose of genetic engineering in medical biotechnology?
a) To manipulate the genetic material of organisms
b) To study the effects of drugs on cells
c) To analyze protein structures
d) To develop artificial organs
Answer: a) To manipulate the genetic material of organisms

Which of the following is an example of a gene therapy technique in medical biotechnology?
a) In vitro fertilization (IVF)
b) CRISPR-Cas9
c) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
d) Stem cell transplantation
Answer: b) CRISPR-Cas9

What is the function of pharmacokinetics in medical biotechnology?
a) To study the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body
b) To analyze gene expression patterns
c) To develop new drug targets
d) To create artificial organs
Answer: a) To study the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body

Which of the following techniques is used for gene expression analysis in medical biotechnology?
a) Mass spectrometry
b) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
c) Electrophoresis
d) Southern blotting
Answer: b) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

What is the role of biochips in medical biotechnology?
a) To detect multiple genes or proteins simultaneously
b) To create artificial organs
c) To analyze the genetic makeup of populations
d) To study the principles of inheritance
Answer: a) To detect multiple genes or proteins simultaneously

Which of the following is an application of synthetic biology in medical biotechnology?
a) Designing new drugs
b) Studying protein structures
c) Creating artificial organs
d) Analyzing gene expression patterns
Answer: a) Designing new drugs

What is the significance of personalized genomics in medical biotechnology?
a) To analyze an individual’s genetic information for personalized healthcare
b) To study the effects of drugs on cells
c) To produce genetically modified organisms
d) To develop artificial organs
Answer: a) To analyze an individual’s genetic information for personalized healthcare

Which of the following techniques is used to identify genetic variations associated with diseases?
a) Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
b) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) X-ray crystallography
Answer: a) Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)

What is the purpose of immunotherapy in medical biotechnology?
a) To boost the body’s immune response against diseases
b) To analyze protein structures
c) To develop new drugs
d) To produce artificial organs
Answer: a) To boost the body’s immune response against diseases

Which of the following is an example of a biomarker used in medical biotechnology?
a) Antibiotic resistance gene
b) Insulin-producing gene
c) Specific protein associated with cancer
d) DNA polymerase enzyme
Answer: c) Specific protein associated with cancer

What is the purpose of proteomics in medical biotechnology?
a) To study the structure and function of proteins
b) To analyze gene expression patterns
c) To develop artificial organs
d) To produce genetically modified organisms
Answer: a) To study the structure and function of proteins

Which of the following techniques is used for gene delivery in gene therapy?
a) Viral vectors
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Mass spectrometry
d) X-ray crystallography
Answer: a) Viral vectors

What is the role of bioinformatics in medical biotechnology?
a) To analyze biological data using computational tools and algorithms
b) To develop new drug targets
c) To create artificial organs
d) To study protein structures
Answer: a) To analyze biological data using computational tools and algorithms

Which of the following is an application of tissue culture in medical biotechnology?
a) Production of monoclonal antibodies
b) Analysis of gene expression patterns
c) Development of cancer vaccines
d) Measurement of protein concentrations
Answer: a) Production of monoclonal antibodies

What is the function of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in medical biotechnology?
a) To measure gene expression levels
b) To analyze protein structures
c) To study the effects of drugs on cells
d) To purify proteins
Answer: a) To measure gene expression levels

Which of the following is an example of a therapeutic protein produced using recombinant DNA technology?
a) Human growth hormone
b) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent
c) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) enzyme
d) Gel electrophoresis apparatus
Answer: a) Human growth hormone

What is the significance of pharmacogenetics in medical biotechnology?
a) It studies the relationship between an individual’s genetic makeup and their response to drugs
b) It focuses on the development of gene therapies
c) It analyzes protein-protein interactions
d) It measures the activity of specific enzymes in the body
Answer: a) It studies the relationship between an individual’s genetic makeup and their response to drugs

Which of the following techniques is used to analyze protein-protein interactions in medical biotechnology?
a) Yeast two-hybrid system
b) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
c) Southern blotting
d) X-ray crystallography
Answer: a) Yeast two-hybrid system

What is the purpose of computational drug discovery in medical biotechnology?
a) To identify potential drug candidates using computer-based algorithms and simulations
b) To analyze gene expression patterns
c) To create artificial organs
d) To produce genetically modified organisms
Answer: a) To identify potential drug candidates using computer-based algorithms and simulations

Which of the following is an application of regenerative medicine in medical biotechnology?
a) Tissue engineering for organ transplantation
b) Analysis of protein structures
c) Production of antibiotics
d) Gene cloning
Answer: a) Tissue engineering for organ transplantation

Forest Biotechnology MCQs

Biotechnology MCQs

What is forest biotechnology?
a) The study of animal species found in forests
b) The use of genetic engineering techniques to enhance forest trees
c) The development of renewable energy sources from forests
d) The conservation of forests through sustainable practicesh

Answer: b) The use of genetic engineering techniques to enhance forest trees

Which of the following is a potential application of forest biotechnology?
a) Developing new species of forest trees
b) Creating genetically modified organisms for forest ecosystems
c) Enhancing tree growth and resistance to pests and diseases
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the main goal of using biotechnology in forests?
a) To eliminate all pests and diseases from forest ecosystems
b) To increase timber production by altering tree genetics
c) To enhance the ecological resilience of forests
d) To create new hybrid tree species with unique characteristics

Answer: c) To enhance the ecological resilience of forests

Which of the following techniques is commonly used in forest biotechnology?
a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b) Cloning animals for reforestation efforts
c) Gene therapy to treat diseases in forest animals
d) Breeding trees for desired traits using traditional methods

Answer: a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

What are some potential benefits of forest biotechnology?
a) Increased carbon sequestration by genetically modified trees
b) Faster reforestation efforts through cloning techniques
c) Improved resistance of trees to climate change and invasive species
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What are some ethical concerns associated with forest biotechnology?
a) Potential ecological impacts of genetically modified trees
b) Loss of biodiversity due to the introduction of non-native species
c) Uncertainty about long-term effects on forest ecosystems
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the primary purpose of genetically modifying trees in forest biotechnology?
a) To create trees with novel colors and shapes
b) To improve timber quality and yield
c) To increase the lifespan of trees in forests
d) To enhance tree species diversity in natural ecosystems

Answer: b) To improve timber quality and yield

Which of the following is an example of a genetic modification technique used in forest biotechnology?
a) Crossbreeding different tree species
b) Introducing beneficial microbes to tree roots
c) Inserting specific genes into tree DNA
d) Using mechanical methods to alter tree growth patterns

Answer: c) Inserting specific genes into tree DNA

What is the potential role of genetically modified trees in addressing climate change?
a) Genetically modified trees can absorb more carbon dioxide than natural trees
b) Genetically modified trees can produce biofuels to reduce fossil fuel use
c) Genetically modified trees can withstand extreme weather events
d) Genetically modified trees are not effective in combating climate change

Answer: c) Genetically modified trees can withstand extreme weather events

How can forest biotechnology contribute to the conservation of endangered tree species?
a) By cloning and propagating endangered tree specimens
b) By introducing genetically modified traits into endangered tree populations
c) By creating hybrid species to increase genetic diversity
d) By preventing the destruction of natural habitats

Answer: a) By cloning and propagating endangered tree specimens

What is the term used to describe the deliberate release of genetically modified trees into natural environments?
a) Tree reintroduction
b) Forest enrichment
c) Transgenic dispersion
d) Environmental release

Answer: d) Environmental release

Which of the following challenges is associated with the commercialization of genetically modified trees?
a) Difficulty in obtaining regulatory approvals
b) High production costs for genetically modified trees
c) Public concerns about environmental and health impacts
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the primary objective of using genetic markers in forest biotechnology?
a) To identify the age of trees accurately
b) To assess the genetic diversity of tree populations
c) To track the migration patterns of birds in forests
d) To determine the optimal time for tree harvesting

Answer: b) To assess the genetic diversity of tree populations

Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified trait that can be introduced into forest trees?
a) Increased tolerance to drought conditions
b) Enhanced resistance to insect pests
c) Improved nutrient uptake efficiency
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the potential impact of genetically modified trees on biodiversity?
a) Genetically modified trees can increase biodiversity in ecosystems
b) Genetically modified trees can reduce biodiversity by outcompeting native species
c) Genetically modified trees have no impact on biodiversity
d) Genetically modified trees can only enhance biodiversity in controlled environments

Answer: b) Genetically modified trees can reduce biodiversity by outcompeting native species

Which of the following is a potential limitation of forest biotechnology?
a) Long-term environmental impacts are not fully understood
b) High costs associated with research and development
c) Social acceptance and ethical concerns
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the term used to describe the process of transferring genes from one organism to another unrelated organism?
a) Gene splicing
b) Gene transfer
c) Gene fusion
d) Gene translocation

Answer: a) Gene splicing

Which of the following is a potential application of genetic engineering in forest biotechnology?
a) Developing trees that produce pharmaceutical compounds
b) Creating trees that glow in the dark
c) Modifying trees to grow in extreme environments
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the potential impact of genetically modified trees on non-target organisms?
a) They can enhance biodiversity by providing new habitats
b) They can negatively affect beneficial insects and organisms
c) They have no impact on non-target organisms
d) They can increase the spread of invasive species

Answer: b) They can negatively affect beneficial insects and organisms

Which of the following techniques is used to introduce foreign genes into plant cells?
a) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
b) Selective breeding
c) Grafting
d) Photosynthesis

Answer: a) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

What is the potential benefit of using biotechnology to develop disease-resistant trees?
a) Reduced need for chemical pesticides
b) Enhanced growth rates in trees
c) Prevention of deforestation
d) Increased availability of timber products

Answer: a) Reduced need for chemical pesticides

Which of the following is a potential environmental risk associated with genetically modified trees?
a) Increased susceptibility to diseases and pests
b) Outcrossing with wild relatives, resulting in hybridization
c) Decreased productivity in forests
d) Preservation of genetic diversity in tree populations

Answer: b) Outcrossing with wild relatives, resulting in hybridization

What is the primary focus of forest biotechnology research?
a) Improving tree species for commercial purposes
b) Developing biofuels from forest resources
c) Protecting endangered animal species in forests
d) Restoring degraded forest ecosystems

Answer: a) Improving tree species for commercial purposes

Which of the following regulatory bodies is responsible for overseeing the release of genetically modified trees?
a) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
b) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
c) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
d) National regulatory authorities

Answer: d) National regulatory authorities

What is the potential role of forest biotechnology in phytoremediation?
a) Creating trees that absorb and remove pollutants from soil and water
b) Developing trees with enhanced timber production
c) Promoting the growth of endangered plant species
d) Generating renewable energy from forest biomass

Answer: a) Creating trees that absorb and remove pollutants from soil and water

Which of the following is a current limitation of forest biotechnology?
a) Lack of public acceptance and understanding
b) Insufficient funding for research and development
c) Limited availability of suitable genetic resources
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the term used to describe the process of modifying specific genes within an organism’s genome?
a) Genetic engineering
b) Genome sequencing
c) Genetic mapping
d) Gene editing

Answer: d) Gene editing

Which of the following is a potential benefit of using biotechnology to enhance tree growth in forests?
a) Increased carbon sequestration capacity
b) Accelerated reforestation efforts
c) Enhanced timber quality and yield
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the primary focus of using genetic markers in forest biotechnology?
a) Identifying specific tree species in a forest
b) Assessing the health and vitality of individual trees
c) Understanding the genetic relationships among tree populations
d) Detecting and monitoring invasive species in forests

Answer: c) Understanding the genetic relationships among tree populations

Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified trait that can improve tree resilience to climate change?
a) Increased drought tolerance
b) Enhanced frost resistance
c) Improved heat tolerance
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

How can forest biotechnology contribute to sustainable forest management practices?
a) By developing disease-resistant tree varieties
b) By improving the efficiency of timber production
c) By promoting biodiversity conservation in forests
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the potential role of biotechnology in addressing the threat of invasive tree species?
a) Developing genetic markers to identify invasive tree species
b) Creating genetically modified trees that outcompete invasive species
c) Utilizing gene drives to eliminate invasive tree populations
d) Enhancing monitoring and management strategies for invasive trees

Answer: d) Enhancing monitoring and management strategies for invasive trees

Which of the following factors can limit the successful implementation of forest biotechnology?
a) Regulatory constraints and public acceptance
b) Technical feasibility and scalability
c) Availability of funding and resources
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the potential impact of genetically modified trees on traditional forest-dependent communities?
a) Increased job opportunities in biotechnology research
b) Improved access to sustainable forest resources
c) Potential disruption of traditional livelihoods and knowledge
d) Enhanced community engagement and participation

Answer: c) Potential disruption of traditional livelihoods and knowledge

Which of the following is an example of a biotechnological approach to conserve genetic diversity in forests?
a) Cryopreservation of tree seeds in gene banks
b) Selective breeding of endangered tree species
c) Introduction of non-native tree species for crossbreeding
d) Conversion of forested areas into protected reserves

Answer: a) Cryopreservation of tree seeds in gene banks

What is the potential role of forest biotechnology in the production of renewable bio-based materials?
a) Creating genetically modified trees with enhanced wood properties
b) Developing efficient methods for cellulose extraction from trees
c) Optimizing lignin composition for biofuel production
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is a potential application of genome editing in forest biotechnology?
a) Modifying tree genes to enhance carbon sequestration
b) Creating trees that produce medicinal compounds
c) Increasing resistance of trees to invasive species
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the potential role of forest biotechnology in addressing timber shortages?
a) Developing genetically modified trees that grow faster
b) Promoting sustainable logging practices
c) Establishing tree plantations for timber production
d) Enhancing timber recycling and reuse

Answer: a) Developing genetically modified trees that grow faster

What is the term used to describe the deliberate removal or deactivation of genes in an organism’s genome?
a) Gene cloning
b) Gene silencing
c) Gene amplification
d) Gene transposition

Answer: b) Gene silencing

Which of the following is a potential benefit of using biotechnology in forest conservation efforts?
a) Preservation of endangered tree species
b) Restoration of degraded forest ecosystems
c) Protection against forest fires and natural disasters
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the potential impact of genetically modified trees on pollen dispersal and gene flow?
a) Increased pollen dispersal and gene flow to non-modified trees
b) Decreased pollen dispersal and gene flow to non-modified trees
c) No significant impact on pollen dispersal and gene flow
d) Elimination of pollen dispersal and gene flow

Answer: a) Increased pollen dispersal and gene flow to non-modified trees

Which of the following biotechnological approaches can help improve tree resistance to insect pests?
a) Developing insect-resistant tree varieties through genetic engineering
b) Introducing biological control agents to forest ecosystems
c) Implementing pheromone-based pest management strategies
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

What is the potential role of forest biotechnology in phytosanitary measures?
a) Creating genetically modified trees that are resistant to plant diseases
b) Implementing quarantine regulations for international tree trade
c) Developing diagnostic tools for early detection of tree diseases
d) Enhancing forest monitoring and surveillance systems

Answer: c) Developing diagnostic tools for early detection of tree diseases

What is the potential impact of genetically modified trees on ecosystem services?
a) Enhanced provision of ecosystem services, such as water purification and soil conservation
b) Disruption of natural ecosystem processes and functions
c) No significant impact on ecosystem services
d) Increased biodiversity within forest ecosystems

Answer: b) Disruption of natural ecosystem processes and functions

What is the primary focus of forest biotechnology research in the context of climate change?
a) Developing trees with increased carbon sequestration capacity
b) Creating trees that can adapt to changing climatic conditions
c) Enhancing the resilience of forest ecosystems to climate-related stressors
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is a potential limitation of using genetically modified trees in reforestation efforts?
a) Reduced genetic diversity in tree populations
b) Increased vulnerability to emerging pests and diseases
c) Potential negative impacts on soil quality and ecosystem dynamics
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Food Biotechnology

Biotechnology MCQs

What is food biotechnology?
a) The study of how food is prepared and cooked.
b) The application of scientific techniques to improve food production and quality.
c) The use of organic farming methods to grow food.
d) The process of fermenting food to enhance its flavor.
Answer: b) The application of scientific techniques to improve food production and quality.

Which of the following is an example of food biotechnology?
a) Grilling a steak on a barbecue.
b) Growing lettuce in a home garden.
c) Using genetic engineering to develop pest-resistant crops.
d) Making homemade bread from scratch.
Answer: c) Using genetic engineering to develop pest-resistant crops.

What is the main goal of food biotechnology?
a) To develop new cooking techniques.
b) To reduce the cost of food production.
c) To improve the taste and texture of food.
d) To enhance food safety, nutrition, and availability.
Answer: d) To enhance food safety, nutrition, and availability.

Which of the following is a potential benefit of genetically modified (GM) crops?
a) Increased biodiversity in farmlands.
b) Reduced pesticide use.
c) Decreased crop yield.
d) Enhanced susceptibility to diseases.
Answer: b) Reduced pesticide use.

What is the role of enzymes in food biotechnology?
a) They provide nutrients to plants.
b) They help in the fermentation process.
c) They protect crops from pests.
d) They improve food packaging and preservation.
Answer: b) They help in the fermentation process.

Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified (GM) food?
a) Organic apples.
b) Traditional cheese.
c) Seedless watermelon.
d) Freshly squeezed orange juice.
Answer: c) Seedless watermelon.

What is the process of cloning used for in food biotechnology?
a) Creating identical copies of livestock for breeding purposes.
b) Improving the taste and aroma of fruits and vegetables.
c) Enhancing the color and appearance of food products.
d) Developing new cooking methods for food preparation.
Answer: a) Creating identical copies of livestock for breeding purposes.

How can biotechnology be used to improve food preservation?
a) By using chemical additives to extend shelf life.
b) By developing natural methods to prevent spoilage.
c) By increasing the sugar content in food products.
d) By promoting microbial growth on food surfaces.
Answer: b) By developing natural methods to prevent spoilage.

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern associated with food biotechnology?
a) Decreased food waste.
b) Enhanced nutritional content in crops.
c) Patenting of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
d) Improved crop yields in developing countries.
Answer: c) Patenting of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

What is the significance of molecular diagnostic techniques in food biotechnology?
a) They help in identifying genetic disorders in animals.
b) They assist in tracking the origin of food products.
c) They improve the efficiency of food packaging processes.
d) They enhance the flavor and aroma of culinary dishes.
Answer: b) They assist in tracking the origin of food products.

Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified (GM) animal used in food production?
a) Organic chicken.
b) Wild-caught salmon.
c) Genetically modified pigs with increased lean meat.
d) Free-range cattle.
Answer: c) Genetically modified pigs with increased lean meat.

What is the role of biotechnology in brewing and winemaking?
a) Enhancing the fermentation process.
b) Developing new alcoholic beverage flavors.
c) Extending the shelf life of beverages.
d) Improving the packaging and labeling of products.
Answer: a) Enhancing the fermentation process.

How does biotechnology contribute to food sustainability?
a) By promoting the use of single-use plastics for packaging.
b) By increasing the use of synthetic fertilizers in agriculture.
c) By developing drought-tolerant crop varieties.
d) By encouraging deforestation for expanding farmlands.
Answer: c) By developing drought-tolerant crop varieties.

Which of the following is an application of nanotechnology in food biotechnology?
a) Developing new cooking utensils.
b) Increasing the salt content in processed foods.
c) Enhancing the nutritional value of fruits and vegetables.
d) Creating food packaging with antimicrobial properties.
Answer: d) Creating food packaging with antimicrobial properties.

What is the potential impact of genetic engineering on food allergies?
a) Increased occurrence of food allergies.
b) Complete elimination of food allergies.
c) Introduction of new allergens.
d) Improved tolerance to existing allergens.
Answer: c) Introduction of new allergens.

How can biotechnology contribute to the production of plant-based meat alternatives?
a) By using enzymes to enhance meat flavor.
b) By genetically modifying vegetables to taste like meat.
c) By developing new plant varieties with meat-like texture.
d) By utilizing fermentation techniques to create meat substitutes.
Answer: d) By utilizing fermentation techniques to create meat substitutes.

What is the purpose of crop genetic engineering for herbicide tolerance?
a) To eliminate the need for herbicides in agriculture.
b) To develop crops that can tolerate extreme weather conditions.
c) To reduce the growth of weeds in agricultural fields.
d) To enhance the nutritional content of crops.
Answer: c) To reduce the growth of weeds in agricultural fields.

How does biotechnology contribute to the production of biofuels?
a) By genetically modifying crops to produce more oil.
b) By utilizing fermentation to convert plant materials into fuel.
c) By extracting fuel from animal byproducts.
d) By using nanotechnology to improve fuel efficiency.
Answer: b) By utilizing fermentation to convert plant materials into fuel.

Which of the following is an example of food biotechnology in aquaculture?
a) Developing sustainable fishing practices.
b) Using genetically modified fish for improved growth.
c) Implementing organic farming methods for seafood production.
d) Enhancing the flavor of seafood through cooking techniques.
Answer: b) Using genetically modified fish for improved growth.

How does biotechnology contribute to the production of functional foods?
a) By increasing the sugar content in food products.
b) By fortifying foods with essential vitamins and minerals.
c) By promoting the use of artificial food additives.
d) By genetically modifying crops to have a longer shelf life.
Answer: b) By fortifying foods with essential vitamins and minerals.

What is the purpose of using gene editing techniques in food biotechnology?
a) To create genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
b) To develop new cooking methods for food preparation.
c) To enhance the color and appearance of food products.
d) To make precise changes in an organism’s DNA for desired traits.
Answer: d) To make precise changes in an organism’s DNA for desired traits.

How does biotechnology contribute to reducing post-harvest losses in agriculture?
a) By improving irrigation techniques.
b) By enhancing the use of chemical pesticides.
c) By developing techniques for controlled atmosphere storage.
d) By promoting the use of artificial food preservatives.
Answer: c) By developing techniques for controlled atmosphere storage.

What is the role of biotechnology in improving crop resistance to diseases?
a) Enhancing the taste and aroma of crops.
b) Promoting crop growth in urban environments.
c) Developing genetically modified crops with disease resistance genes.
d) Increasing the shelf life of harvested crops.
Answer: c) Developing genetically modified crops with disease resistance genes.

Which of the following is an example of a biotechnological method used in food safety testing?
a) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis.
b) Taste testing by human panels.
c) Visual inspection for food spoilage.
d) Food preservation through canning.
Answer: a) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis.

How can biotechnology contribute to reducing the environmental impact of agriculture?
a) By promoting the use of synthetic fertilizers.
b) By developing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with higher water requirements.
c) By implementing precision farming techniques.
d) By increasing the use of chemical pesticides.
Answer: c) By implementing precision farming techniques.

What is the purpose of using fermentation in food biotechnology?
a) To develop new cooking techniques.
b) To improve food packaging and preservation.
c) To enhance the flavor, texture, and nutritional content of food.
d) To increase the yield of agricultural crops.
Answer: c) To enhance the flavor, texture, and nutritional content of food.

Which of the following is an example of a biotechnological application in the dairy industry?
a) Using organic farming practices to raise cattle.
b) Applying nanotechnology to improve cheese production.
c) Enhancing the color and appearance of milk.
d) Developing genetically modified cows for increased milk production.
Answer: b) Applying nanotechnology to improve cheese production.

How does biotechnology contribute to reducing food waste?
a) By promoting the use of single-use plastic packaging.
b) By implementing techniques for controlled ripening of fruits.
c) By developing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with longer shelf life.
d) By increasing the use of chemical preservatives in food products.
Answer: c) By developing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with longer shelf life.

What is the significance of biotechnology in crop breeding?
a) It allows for the production of larger-sized crops.
b) It helps to maintain genetic diversity in crops.
c) It speeds up the breeding process and introduces desired traits.
d) It reduces the need for traditional plant breeding techniques.
Answer: c) It speeds up the breeding process and introduces desired traits.

How can biotechnology contribute to improving the nutritional content of food?
a) By using chemical additives to fortify food products.
b) By genetically modifying crops to increase nutrient levels.
c) By implementing advanced cooking techniques.
d) By promoting the consumption of raw food diets.
Answer: b) By genetically modifying crops to increase nutrient levels.

Which of the following is an example of biotechnology’s role in improving food texture?
a) Modifying the color of fruits and vegetables.
b) Enhancing the tenderness of meat products.
c) Increasing the sugar content in beverages.
d) Developing new food plating techniques.
Answer: b) Enhancing the tenderness of meat products.

What is the potential impact of biotechnology on food production in areas with limited arable land?
a) Increased reliance on traditional farming practices.
b) Reduced crop yields due to genetic modifications.
c) Introduction of vertical farming techniques.
d) Limited availability of genetically modified seeds.
Answer: c) Introduction of vertical farming techniques.

How does biotechnology contribute to reducing the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture?
a) By promoting the use of synthetic pesticides.
b) By developing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) resistant to chemical fertilizers.
c) By enhancing soil fertility through microbial inoculants.
d) By implementing traditional farming methods.
Answer: c) By enhancing soil fertility through microbial inoculants.

What is the significance of biofortification in food biotechnology?
a) It involves the use of artificial food coloring.
b) It enhances the taste and aroma of food products.
c) It improves the nutritional content of crops.
d) It promotes the use of organic farming methods.
Answer: c) It improves the nutritional content of crops.

How does biotechnology contribute to the production of sustainable seafood?
a) By promoting the use of chemical additives in aquaculture.
b) By genetically modifying fish for faster growth.
c) By implementing sustainable fishing practices.
d) By developing new fishing techniques.
Answer: c) By implementing sustainable fishing practices.

What is the purpose of using molecular markers in food biotechnology?
a) To identify the geographical origin of food products.
b) To enhance the flavor profile of culinary dishes.
c) To determine the ripeness of fruits and vegetables.
d) To assist in plant breeding and genetic analysis.
Answer: d) To assist in plant breeding and genetic analysis.

Which of the following is an example of food biotechnology in the production of beverages?
a) Developing new coffee brewing methods.
b) Fermenting grapes to make wine.
c) Applying nanotechnology in tea processing.
d) Increasing the carbonation level in soft drinks.
Answer: b) Fermenting grapes to make wine.

How can biotechnology contribute to reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock farming?
a) By implementing organic farming practices.
b) By genetically modifying animals to be resistant to diseases.
c) By developing vaccines for common livestock illnesses.
d) By increasing the use of chemical disinfectants in animal housing.
Answer: c) By developing vaccines for common livestock illnesses.

What is the purpose of using genome sequencing in food biotechnology?
a) To improve the aesthetics of food products.
b) To analyze the microbial composition of fermented foods.
c) To develop new food presentation techniques.
d) To reduce the cooking time of certain food items.
Answer: b) To analyze the microbial composition of fermented foods.

How does biotechnology contribute to the development of allergen-free food products?
a) By increasing the use of artificial food additives.
b) By genetically modifying allergenic ingredients.
c) By developing advanced food processing techniques.
d) By promoting the consumption of organic foods.
Answer: b) By genetically modifying allergenic ingredients.

What is the role of biotechnology in crop improvement for climate resilience?
a) Increasing the use of chemical fertilizers.
b) Developing genetically modified crops with higher water requirements.
c) Enhancing the heat and drought tolerance of crops.
d) Promoting the use of traditional farming practices.
Answer: c) Enhancing the heat and drought tolerance of crops.

How does biotechnology contribute to the reduction of mycotoxins in food?
a) By promoting the use of chemical pesticides.
b) By genetically modifying crops to be resistant to mycotoxin-producing fungi.
c) By implementing proper storage and processing techniques.
d) By increasing the use of chemical preservatives in food products.
Answer: b) By genetically modifying crops to be resistant to mycotoxin-producing fungi.

What is the significance of biotechnology in the production of plant-based alternative proteins?
a) It promotes the consumption of animal-based proteins.
b) It improves the texture and taste of meat products.
c) It enhances the nutritional content of plant-based proteins.
d) It increases the production of synthetic proteins.
Answer: b) It improves the texture and taste of meat products.

How can biotechnology contribute to reducing the environmental impact of livestock farming?
a) By promoting the use of synthetic hormones in animal production.
b) By developing genetically modified animals with higher methane emissions.
c) By implementing sustainable feed practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
d) By increasing the use of chemical antibiotics in animal husbandry.
Answer: c) By implementing sustainable feed practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

What is the purpose of using microorganisms in food biotechnology?
a) To develop new food packaging materials.
b) To enhance the color and appearance of food products.
c) To improve food safety through the control of pathogens.
d) To increase the use of chemical additives in food processing.
Answer: c) To improve food safety through the control of pathogens.

How does biotechnology contribute to the production of plant-based oils?
a) By genetically modifying plants to produce oils with higher saturated fat content.
b) By implementing traditional extraction methods.
c) By developing genetically modified plants with improved oil composition.
d) By promoting the use of synthetic oil substitutes.
Answer: c) By developing genetically modified plants with improved oil composition.

What is the significance of tissue culture in food biotechnology?
a) It helps in the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
b) It enhances the flavor and aroma of food products.
c) It promotes the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture.
d) It allows for the mass propagation of plants with desired traits.
Answer: d) It allows for the mass propagation of plants with desired traits.

How can biotechnology contribute to reducing the use of chemical preservatives in food products?
a) By promoting the use of artificial food coloring.
b) By genetically modifying food to have longer shelf life.
c) By implementing proper storage and packaging techniques.
d) By increasing the use of chemical additives in food processing.
Answer: b) By genetically modifying food to have longer shelf life.

What is the potential impact of biotechnology on food security in developing countries?
a) Increased dependence on imported food products.
b) Reduced crop yields due to genetic modifications.
c) Improved access to nutritious and high-yielding crops.
d) Limited availability of genetically modified seeds.
Answer: c) Improved access to nutritious and high-yielding crops.

Industrial Biotechnology MCQs

Biotechnology MCQs

Industrial Biotechnology MCQs

Fermentation theory was proposed by ____________.
A. Louis Pasteur.
B. Moritz traube.
C. Alexander Fleming.
D. Edward Buchner.
ANSWER: B

Which one of the following is used as both carbon and nitrogen source?
A. Corn steep liquor.
B. Peanut meal.
C. Soya meal.
D. Urea.
ANSWER: A

The valve commonly used to regulate the flow of water/steam is ________.
A. Plug.
B. Ball.
C. Pinch.
D. Globe.
ANSWER: D

The rising tube and the down coming tubes are the features of ________ fermenter.
A. Airlift.
B. Packed bed.
C. Tower.
D. Bubble column.
ANSWER: A

_____ is the optimal pH for ethanol production using yeast.
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 7.
ANSWER: C

Which among the following is widely used in bakers yeast production?
A. S. cerevisiae.
B. S. uvarum.
C. S. carlsbergensis.
D. Candida sp.
ANSWER: A

The most common carbon and energy source used for bakers yeast production is ___.
A. Starch.
B. Molasses.
C. Soybean meal.
D. Sulfite waste liquor.
ANSWER: B

Who coined the term antibiotic?
A. Alexander Fleming.
B. S. Waksman.
C. Louis Pasteur.
D. Edward Jenner.
ANSWER: D

Antibiotics are mostly obtained from _____.
A. Fungi.
B. Actinomycetes.
C. Cyanobacteria.
D. Both A and B.
ANSWER: C

Antibiotics tend to be _______ metabolites.
A. Primary.
B. Secondary.
C. Tertiary.
D. Quaternary.
ANSWER: B

Industrial Biotechnology MCQs and Answers

Example for live viral vaccine is ______.
A. Poliomyelitis.
B. Influenza.
C. Pertussis.
D. Tetanus.
ANSWER: A

Which of the following is a toxoid?
A. Pertussis.
B. Hepatitis B.
C. Rubella.
D. Tetanus.
ANSWER: D

_________is the example for killed bacterial vaccine.
A. Tetanus.
B. Measles.
C. Pertussis.
D. Diphtheria.
ANSWER: C

Starch could be hydrolyzed by ______.
A. Sulphuric acid.
B. Hydrochloric acid.
C. Nitric acid.
D. Sulphonic acid.
ANSWER: B

In the manufacture of glucose the first step liquefaction involves the conversion of starch to _______ maltodextrin.
A. High Dextrose.
B. Low Dextrose.
C. Low Dextrose Equivalent.
D. High Dextrose Equivalent.
ANSWER: C

The microbial enzyme capable of converting glucose directly to fructose was reported by ________.
A. Richard.
B. Richard and Kooi.
C. Kooi and Michael.
D. Albert and Michael.
ANSWER: B

Starch undergoes hydrolysis to produce anhydrous alcohol.
A. Protein.
B. Enzyme.
C. Glucose.
D. Maltose.
ANSWER: B

is the major feed stock for the production of fuel alcohol.
A. Sweet potato.
B. Corn starch.
C. Starch.
D. Sugar beet.
ANSWER: B

Starch hydrolysis produce glucose, which is converted by the yeast to____________.
A. Pyruvic Acids.
B. Ethanol.
C. Phosphenol Pyruvate.
D. Carbon Dioxide.
ANSWER: B

L- glutamate is used in food as ________
A. Preservative.
B. Antibiotic.
C. Taste inducer.
D. All the above
ANSWER: C

Industrial Biotechnology Questions and Answers

__________method is used to produce acid in large scale.
A. Hydrolysis.
B. Fermentation.
C. Enzymatic.
D. Degradation.
ANSWER: B

Amino acids are used as __________.
A. Foods.
B. Additive.
C. Soaps.
D. Oils.
ANSWER: B

______________amino acids are used in cosmetics.
A. Alanine.
B. Arginine.
C. Proline.
D. L- serine.
ANSWER: D

Regulation of proline biosynthesis is done by ________ inhibition.
A. Feed Back.
B. Enzyme.
C. Metabolite.
D. Co-Factor.
ANSWER: A

In repressor the amino acid product of the pathway binds to a specific repressor protein called as _____ .
A. Repressor.
B. Co Repressor.
C. Enzyme Modulator.
D. Promoters.
ANSWER: B

The parent strain which synthesize all the aminoacids called _____ .
A. Autotrophic.
B. Prototrophic.
C. Allotrophic.
D. Auxotrophic.
ANSWER: B

_____ enzymes are the end product in the synthesis of unbranched pathway of Serratia marcescens.
A. Alanine.
B. Proline.
C. Histidine.
D. Arginine.
ANSWER: B

_______ is the member of pyruvate family.
A. Valine.
B. Methionin.
C. Isoleucine.
D. Tyrosine.
ANSWER: A

________ belongs to the family of aromatic amino acids.
A. Tyrosine.
B. Valine.
C. Threoine.
D. Leucine.
ANSWER: A

_____ is used to remove the cell wall of bacteria.
A. Pectinase.
B. Amylase.
C. Lysozyme.
D. Lactase.
ANSWER: C

Industrial Biotechnology Solved MCQs

Aspartate, the starting material of the lysine pathway itself a product of a ______ pathway.
A. Branched.
B. Linear.
C. Regulation.
D. Degradation.
ANSWER: A

___ is used as fungicide in agriculture.
A. Polymyxin.
B. Polyoxin D.
C. Tetracycline.
D. Chloramphenicol.
ANSWER: B

_______ belongs to penicillin.
A. Methicillin.
B. Kanamycin.
C. Ribostamycin.
D. Streptomycin.
ANSWER: A

Ampicillin and amoxicillin are _______ penicillins.
A. Synthetic.
B. Organic.
C. Semisynthetic.
D. Neutral.
ANSWER: C

E. coli exhibits resistant to ______.
A. Ampicillin.
B. Streptomycin.
C. Ribostamucin.
D. Methiacillin.
ANSWER: A

The Candida species require fermentation equipment lined with plastic because they are extremely sensitive to______________.
A. traces of cobalt
B. traces of nickel
C. traces of iron
D. none of these
ANSWER: C

_____ is natural products produced by Streptomyces cattleya.
A. Carbapenems.
B. Thienamycin.
C. Neomucin.
D. Cefazolin.
ANSWER: B

γ-lactams is a ___________compound.
A. Semi synthetic.
B. Synthetic.
C. Organic.
D. Chemical.
ANSWER: B

Biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin requires ______and ______amino acids.
A. Valine, Cysteine.
B. Arginine, Glycine.
C. Glycine, Valine.
D. Aniline, Cysteine.
ANSWER: A

_______ is an intermediate in the synthesis of lysine biosynthesis.
A. Arginine.
B. Lysine.
C. Glycine.
D. Methionine.
ANSWER: B

Industrial Biotechnology Important MCQs

Lysine inhibits the production of ____ in fermentations. ______ inhibits the production of penicillin fermentation.
A. Glycine.
B. Lysine.
C. Alanin.
D. Acylampicillin.
ANSWER: B

Cycloserine may be isolated from the cultures of
A. S. orchidaceus
B. S. lavendulae
C. S. garyphalus
D. All of these
ANSWER: D

Primary treatment is the removal of ________ objects.
A. Small.
B. Large.
C. Semisolids.
D. Dirt.
ANSWER: B

Sediment solid particle are removed by _______ chamber.
A. Grid.
B. Filter.
C. Semi Solids.
D. Hollow.
ANSWER: A

The secondary treatment used to remove contaminants like _____.
A. Bacteria and fungi.
B. Virus.
C. Protozoa.
D. Plants.
ANSWER: A

What is the abbreviation of BOD?
A. Biological Oxygen Demand.
B. Biological Oxide Demand.
C. Bacterial Oxygen Demand.
D. Biological Oxygen Determination.
ANSWER: A

Filter and activated sludge process in _______treatment process..
A. Secondary.
B. Tertiary.
C. Anaerobic.
D. Primary.
ANSWER: A

Chemoheterotrophs degrade many organic ______ containing substrates with the release of ammonia.
A. Oxygen.
B. Nitrogen.
C. Phosphate.
D. Nitrate.
ANSWER: B

The autotrophic nitrifying bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrate by _________ .
A. Nitrococcus.
B. Nitrosomonas.
C. Nitromonas.
D. Nitriccoccus.
ANSWER: B

The autotrophic nitrifying bacteria oxidase nitrite to nitrate by _______.
A. Nitrobacter.
B. Nitrosomonas.
C. Nitrococcus.
D. Nitromonas.
ANSWER: A

Industrial Biotechnology Past Papers MCQs

Numerous bacterial species participate in the ________ forming stage.
A. Acid.
B. Oxygen.
C. Basic.
D. Phosphate.
ANSWER: A

_________means conversion of monomeric compounds to higher organic acids.
A. Acidogenesis .
B. Methanogenesis.
C. Monogenesis.
D. Phaspogenesis.
ANSWER: A

____ compounds are highly oxidized on thermodynamic grounds.
A. Sodium.
B. Chlorinated.
C. Carbon.
D. Sulphate.
ANSWER: B

The symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species line in close and benefit each other is called as ___________.
A. Mutualism.
B. Commensalisms.
C. Socialism.
D. None of the above.
ANSWER: A

_____ is a product of toluene degradation which induces the expression of the genes of the pathway.
A. Benzoate.
B. Parathion.
C. Biphenyl.
D. Acetone.
ANSWER: A

Xyl genes encode _______ enzymes.
A. Catabolic.
B. Metabolic.
C. Ananbolic.
D. Oxidative.
ANSWER: A

Percolation of liquid through a pile of ore fragment to dissolve the metals in the ore is called _______.
A. Opencut Mine.
B. Smelting.
C. Tailings.
D. Dump Leaching.
ANSWER: D

The 95% ethanol is equivalent to_____________.
A. 190
B. 110
C. 170
D. 120
ANSWER: A

______ refuse material that results from washing or other treatment of ground ore.
A. Tailings.
B. Smelting.
C. Dump leaching.
D. Open cut mine.
ANSWER: A

______ depends on the ability of various species of the acidophilic microorganisms.
A. Indirect leaching.
B. Direct leaching
C. Dump leeching.
D. Smelting.
ANSWER: A

Industrial Biotechnology MCQs for FPSC

____ ore is obtained by open cut mining.
A. Uranium.
B. Copper.
C. Iron.
D. Silver.
ANSWER: B

_______ ore does not exist as a sulfide but as the oxide.
A. Copper.
B. Iron.
C. Gold.
D. Uranium.
ANSWER: D

Microorganism immobilizes metal ions by _____ process.
A. Active and passive.
B. Leaching.
C. Dumping.
D. Smelting.
ANSWER: A

Biosorption is a ______ process seen with both living and dead cells.
A. Active.
B. Passive.
C. Neutral.
D. Negative.
ANSWER: B

The free ferrous ions react with hydrogen sulfate to form amorphous ______.
A. Ferric sulfide.
B. Ferrous sulfide.
C. Ferric chloride.
D. Ferrous sulphate.
ANSWER: B

_____ remove mercury from waste water.
A. Dimethyl mercury.
B. Methyl mercury.
C. Methyl sulfide.
D. Methyl and mercuric sulfide.
ANSWER: A

____ bacteria use carbondioxide as a sole source of carbon.
A. Sulphur containing.
B. Nitrifying.
C. Metal cleating.
D. Metal adsorption.
ANSWER: B

________ bacteria convert ammonia to nitrate.
A. Nitrobacter.
B. Nitrifying.
C. Pseudomonas.
D. Flavobacter.
ANSWER: A

Which of the following substance is employed to neutralize the lactic acid as it is produced (because lactic acid bacteria do not tolerate high concentrations of acid?
A. CaCO3
B. (NH4)2 HPO4
C. MgSO4
D. Na2SO4
ANSWER: A

____ are inorganic materials that used as carriers.
A. Alumina.
B. Soil.
C. Acids.
D. Water.
ANSWER: A

Industrial Biotechnology MCQs for PPSC

Who insists that oil should be autoclaved?
A. Fennel.
B. Buell.
C. Weston.
D. Raper.
ANSWER: A

Storage at very low temperature or by using nitrogen source is called as ________ preservation.
A. Lyophilized.
B. Cryogenic.
C. Glycerol.
D. Mineral oil.
ANSWER: B

A culture containing a single type of microorganism is called ______.
A. Mono culture.
B. Pure culture.
C. Auxenic culture.
D. Slant culture.
ANSWER: B

Gel formations are formed by the interactions of ________.
A. Carbon.
B. Ion.
C. Hydrogen.
D. Carboxylic groups.
ANSWER: B

Which species from the followings is resistant to methyl tryptophan?
A. Candida utilis
B. E. coli
C. B. subtilis
D. Hansenula anomala
ANSWER: C

________ is an example for bacterial polysaccharides.
A. Citrobacter.
B. Clavibacter.
C. Azotobacter.
D. Brevibacterium.
ANSWER: C

Koji process is also called as _______fermentation.
A. Liquid State
B. Gas State
C. Aqueous State.
D. Solid State.
ANSWER: D

Allosteric enzyme has ______ site to bind the regulator.
A. Regulatory.
B. Substrate.
C. Receptor.
D. Repressor.
ANSWER: A

Conversion of glucose by _____ pathway yield ethanol and carbondioxide.
A. Glycolysis.
B. HMP.
C. TCA.
D. Glycogen.
ANSWER: A

The first residue from fermented substrate distillation is called as _______.
A. Alcohol.
B. Stillage.
C. Liquid.
D. Ethanol.
ANSWER: B

Industrial Biotechnology MCQs for KPPSC

The conversion of glucose to ethanol and CO2 is a _____ reaction.
A. Endothermic.
B. Exothermic.
C. Mesothermic.
D. Thermophilic.
ANSWER: B

_____ is used as a substrate in the production of ethanol by Zymomonas melitis.
A. Xylose.
B. Lactose.
C. Fructose.
D. Maltose.
ANSWER: A

_____ is a semisynthetic penicillin.
A. Acylampicillins
B. Cephalosporins.
C. Streptomycin.
D. Dibekacin.
ANSWER: A

In fermentation process usage of computer are introduced in _______ stage.
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
ANSWER: D

In antibiotic production ________ is used as antifoam agent.
A. Fats and oils.
B. Carbohydrates
C. Protein
D. Amino acids.
ANSWER: A

Alcohol production from starch and raw sugar utilizes selected strains of__________________.
A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
B. Candida pseudotropicalis
C. Candida utilis
D. none of these
ANSWER: A

In ________ method, the enzyme producing culture is grown on the surface of a suitable semisolid substrate.
A. Semisolid culture.
B. Submerged culture.
C. Auxenic culture.
D. All the above.
ANSWER: A

____ is being used as inducer in celluloseproduction.
A. Isomaltose.
B. Dextran.
C. Sucrose.
D. Cellulose.
ANSWER: D

______ are widely used in chemical as well as fermentation industries.
A. Enzymes.
B. Brewery products.
C. Industrial solvents.
D. All the above.
ANSWER: C

_________ is the mixing process carries out in a fermenter.
A. Agitation.
B. Filtration.
C. Purification.
D. Sedimentation.
ANSWER: A

Most Important Industrial Biotechnology MCQs

_________ acts by the end product binding to the enzyme at an allosteric site.
A. Repression.
B. Inhibition.
C. Stimulation.
D. Activation.
ANSWER: B

_________ occurs at the gene level by a derivative of the end product combing with the genome to prevent the transcription of mRNA.
A. Inhibition
B. Stimulation.
C. Repression.
D. Activation.
ANSWER: C

Fungal amylases using stationary culture with wheat bran utilizes____________.
A. A. oryzae
B. A. niger
C. A. flavus
D. S. cerevisiae
ANSWER: A

_______ sterilization is used in filtering the suspended particles.
A. Filter.
B. Heat.
C. Detergent.
D. Autoclave.
ANSWER: A

___________ fermentor is used to immobilize the cells.
A. Packed glass bead.
B. Air lift.
C. Bubble column.
D. None of the above.
ANSWER: A

Aspergillus niger is used in _____ fermentation.
A. Citric acid.
B. Carboxylic acid.
C. Alcohol.
D. Vitamin B12.
ANSWER: A

_______ is the basic ingredients in beer Production.
A. Malted barley.
B. Grapes.
C. Lemon.
D. Wheat.
ANSWER: A

People who can’t digest malt beer can use _______
A. Wheat.
B. Sorghum.
C. Corn.
D. Rice.
ANSWER: B

_______ is used to enhance beer production.
A. Hops.
B. Sugar
C. Glucose.
D. Sucrose.
ANSWER: A

___ is responsible for fermentation of beer.
A. Yeast.
B. Bacteria.
C. Fungi.
D. None of above.
ANSWER: A

Industrial Biotechnology MCQs for SPSC

____ metabolites the sugars extracted from grains, which produces alcohol and CO2.
A. Bacteria.
B. Yeast.
C. Fungi.
D. Molds.
ANSWER: B

Malting step is used in _________ process.
A. Baking.
B. Brewing.
C. Viniger fermentation.
D. Canning.
ANSWER: B

________ is the separation process of wort.
A. Mashing.
B. Milling.
C. Lautering
D. Malting
ANSWER: C

____ is a process of combining mixture of milled grains.
A. Mashing.
B. Milling
C. Malting
D. Lautering
ANSWER: A

______ is the method involved in beer production.
A. Infusion
B. Fission
C. Lautering
D. None of the above
ANSWER: A

______ F temperature is used to ferment beer.
A. 55-60
B. 60-65.
C. 70-75.
D. 80-85.
ANSWER: A

_____ causes contamination in beer production.
A. Aspergillus.
B. Pseudomonas.
C. Candida
D. Streptomyces.
ANSWER: B

________ is made up of milk yeast.
A. Tartte
B. Sake
C. Kvass
D. Pombe
ANSWER: A

Which of the following organism produces enzyme taka diastase?
A. A. oryzae
B. B. subtilis
C. A. niger
D. S. cerevisiae
ANSWER: A

______ is used to synthesis dextran.
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Maltose
D. Galactose
ANSWER: B

Industrial Biotechnology MCQs for ETEA, Lecturer Biotechnology

In food industry ____ is used as thicking agent.
A. Dextran
B. Xantham gum
C. Chymosin.
D. Trypsin.
ANSWER: A

Dextran was discovered by _______.
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Selman waksman.
C. Howard Horey.
D. Ernst chain.
ANSWER: A

_______is used for blood clotting.
A. Xantham gum
B. Dextran.
C. Trypsin.
D. chymosin.
ANSWER: B

______ is the use of micro-organism metabolism to remove pollutants.
A. Biodegradation
B. Bioremediation
C. Precipitation
D. Mineralization
ANSWER: B

amylases are produced by ________ fermentation.
A. Continuous
B. Stirred
C. Fed batch.
D. Bubble column.
ANSWER: C

Xantham gum is a ______ .
A. Polysaccharide
B. Monosaccharide
C. Disaccharide
D. Protein
ANSWER: A

______ control concerted feed back inhibition.
A. Kinases
B. Synthase
C. Aspartokinase
D. Carboxylase
ANSWER: C

___ mutant is used in production of lysine.
A. Auxotropic
B. Heterotropic
C. Mesotropic
D. Autotrophic
ANSWER: A

_________ system is sensitive than surface systems in citric acid production.
A. Submerged
B. Decotation
C. Upward
D. Downward
ANSWER: A

_______ is used to separate the mycelium during citric acid production.
A. Filtration
B. Sedimentation
C. Centrifugation
D. Rotation
ANSWER: C

Industrial Biotechnology MCQs Previous Papers MCQs

Which of the following is not an industrial product made by the fungus Aspergillus niger?
A. Galactosidase
B. Citric acid
C. Gluconic acid
D. Lysine
ANSWER: D

_______ reactor is used to produce citric acid.
A. Bubble
B. Airlift
C. Tower
D. Loop jet.
ANSWER: B

Fermentation carrying out in a brewing industry is _______ fermentation.
A. Continous
B. Batch
C. Fed batch
D. Continous batch.
ANSWER: B

______ is a substrate for fungal single cell protein.
A. Molasses
B. Sugar beet.
C. Corn steep liquor.
D. Starch.
ANSWER: A

Algae are ______ growers.
A. Very fast.
B. Very slow.
C. Relatively slow.
D. Rapid.
ANSWER: C

_______ is an example of mushroom.
A. Agaricus
B. Pharicus
C. Cereus
D. Proteases
ANSWER: A

Acidification of milk is done by ____ acid.
A. Citric
B. Lactic
C. Sulfuric
D. Acetic
ANSWER: B

In cheese fermentation process, ____ is produced as a by product.
A. Curd.
B. Whey.
C. Protein.
D. Raw milk.
ANSWER: B

_______ vaccine contains purified antigens instead of whole organisms
A. Viral
B. Subunit
C. Attenuated
D. Live-attenuated
ANSWER: B

______ vaccines are developed against capsulated bacteria.
A. Subunit
B. Viral
C. Conjugate
D. Attenuated
ANSWER: C

Industrial Biotechnology MCQs with Answers

_____ is an example of live-attenuated vaccine
A. HBV
B. BVH
C. Vaccinia virus.
D. Haemophilus influenzae virus.
ANSWER: A

_________ polysaccharide capsules are used as vaccines.
A. Plant
B. Viral
C. Bacterial
D. Yeast
ANSWER: C

_______ are manufactured from bacterial toxins.
A. Endotoxin
B. Toxoids
C. Ectotoxin
D. Both a and b
ANSWER: B

_______ is responsible for the mottled blue-green appearance in cheese production.
A. Penicillium
B. Bacillus
C. A. niger.
D. S. cerevisae.
ANSWER: A

______ is made from Lactococcus lactis.
A. Gruyere
B. Mozzarella
C. Cheddar cheese
D. Parmesan.
ANSWER: C

_______ method is used commercially for the production of baking strains of S. cerevisae.
A. Malting
B. Mashing
C. Skimming
D. Milling
ANSWER: C

_____ is used in bioprocess.
A. Alcohol
B. Alkenes
C. Methanol
D. Ethanol
ANSWER: A

Optimum pH required for the development of yeast is _________.
A. 4 to 6
B. 6 to 7
C. 4 to 5
D. 7 to 8
ANSWER: B

An alternate process for carbonating beer is known as ____ process.
A. Mashing
B. Washing
C. Krausening
D. Milling
ANSWER: C

_____ beer is a heavy beer.
A. Larger
B. Bock
C. Ace
D. Porter
ANSWER: B

Industrial Biotechnology MCQs

___ is extracted from cereal based crops.
A. Bioethanol
B. Biodiesel
C. Petrol
D. Ethanol
ANSWER: B

Biodiesel is produced from ____ oil.
A. Coconut oil.
B. Palm oil.
C. Olive oil.
D. Sesame oil.
ANSWER: B

______ is used as symbiotic nitrogen fixers.
A. Azotobacter
B. Rhizobium
C. Blue green algae
D. Azolla
ANSWER: B

Who discovered Azotobacter?
A. Beijerinek
B. Eli lilly
C. Howard Horey
D. Ernst chain.
ANSWER: A

_______ has an inhibitory relationship with other organisms.
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Symbiotic
D. none of above
ANSWER: B

Who is called as father of fermentation?
A. Robert Hook
B. Lazaro Spallanzani.
C. Theodar Schwann.
D. Louis Pasteur.
ANSWER: D

________ algae have 70% of hydrocarbons.
A. Botyococcus.
B. Azolla
C. Anabenae
D. Spirillum
ANSWER: B

Who demonstrated biogas?
A. Volta
B. Ghai and Thomas
C. Harberland
D. Potter
ANSWER: A

______ split water by heat.
A. Electrolysis
B. Thermolysis
C. Photolysis
D. Thermochemical lysis
ANSWER: B

______ is a source of hydrogen.
A. Halobacteria
B. Pseudomonas
C. Bacillus
D. Acetobacter
ANSWER: A

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