Which of the following is a key concept in social psychology?
a) Genetics
b) Consciousness
c) Group dynamics
d) Cognitive dissonance
Answer: c) Group dynamics
The tendency to attribute others’ behavior to internal characteristics rather than external circumstances is known as:
a) Self-serving bias
b) Fundamental attribution error
c) Cognitive dissonance
d) Bystander effect
Answer: b) Fundamental attribution error
Which theory proposes that individuals are motivated to maintain consistency between their attitudes and behaviors?
a) Social exchange theory
b) Self-perception theory
c) Cognitive dissonance theory
d) Social learning theory
Answer: c) Cognitive dissonance theory
The phenomenon in which individuals exert less effort in a group task compared to when they work alone is called:
a) Group polarization
b) Social loafing
c) Deindividuation
d) Conformity
Answer: b) Social loafing
The tendency to conform to a group’s norms and values, even when it goes against one’s own beliefs, is known as:
a) Groupthink
b) Social facilitation
c) Obedience
d) Conformity
Answer: d) Conformity
The theory that states individuals are more likely to help others who are genetically related to them is called:
a) Altruism
b) Social exchange theory
c) Kin selection theory
d) Reciprocity theory
Answer: c) Kin selection theory
The presence of others can lead to a decrease in individual effort and performance on a task. This phenomenon is known as:
a) Social facilitation
b) Groupthink
c) Bystander effect
d) Deindividuation
Answer: a) Social facilitation
Which of the following is an example of a cognitive bias commonly observed in social psychology?
a) Confirmation bias
b) Halo effect
c) In-group bias
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
The theory that explains how people form impressions of others based on their traits and behaviors is called:
a) Social identity theory
b) Attribution theory
c) Self-perception theory
d) Cognitive dissonance theory
Answer: b) Attribution theory
The process by which individuals adopt the attitudes, values, and behaviors of a particular social group is known as:
a) Assimilation
b) Acculturation
c) Socialization
d) Compliance
Answer: c) Socialization
Which term refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort in a group task compared to when they work alone?
a) Social facilitation
b) Group polarization
c) Social loafing
d) Deindividuation
Answer: c) Social loafing
The process by which individuals change their attitudes or behaviors to align with a group’s norms is called:
a) Compliance
b) Obedience
c) Conformity
d) Altruism
Answer: c) Conformity
The theory that suggests individuals are more likely to help others if they believe that their own future assistance may be required is known as:
a) Kin selection theory
b) Reciprocity theory
c) Social exchange theory
d) Norm of reciprocity
Answer: b) Reciprocity theory
The tendency to favor one’s own social group over other groups is called:
a) Stereotyping
b) In-group bias
c) Out-group homogeneity
d) Implicit bias
Answer: b) In-group bias
The theory that explains how individuals form judgments about the causes of behavior by attributing it to either internal or external factors is known as:
a) Self-perception theory
b) Attribution theory
c) Cognitive dissonance theory
d) Social comparison theory
Answer: b) Attribution theory
The tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors and underestimate the impact of situational factors when explaining others’ behavior is called:
a) Fundamental attribution error
b) Self-serving bias
c) Confirmation bias
d) Primacy effect
Answer: a) Fundamental attribution error
The phenomenon in which individuals experience a reduced sense of personal responsibility and inhibition when part of a group is called:
a) Groupthink
b) Social facilitation
c) Deindividuation
d) Bystander effect
Answer: c) Deindividuation
The theory that suggests individuals evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others is known as:
a) Social identity theory
b) Social comparison theory
c) Self-perception theory
d) Social exchange theory
Answer: b) Social comparison theory
The process of incorporating new cultural norms and values while maintaining aspects of one’s original culture is called:
a) Assimilation
b) Acculturation
c) Socialization
d) Intercultural communication
Answer: b) Acculturation
The concept that refers to the tendency for individuals to conform and agree with others in a group decision-making process to maintain harmony and avoid conflict is called:
a) Group polarization
b) Groupthink
c) Social facilitation
d) Bystander effect
Answer: b) Groupthink
The theory that explains how individuals form their self-concept based on how they believe others perceive them is called:
a) Self-perception theory
b) Social comparison theory
c) Social identity theory
d) Self-fulfilling prophecy
Answer: c) Social identity theory
The tendency for individuals to conform to a group’s decision, even if it goes against their personal beliefs or values, is known as:
a) Group polarization
b) Normative social influence
c) Informational social influence
d) Social facilitation
Answer: b) Normative social influence
The process of changing one’s attitudes or behaviors in response to a direct request from another person or group is referred to as:
a) Compliance
b) Obedience
c) Conformity
d) Altruism
Answer: a) Compliance
The theory that suggests individuals are more likely to help others when they feel empathy and identify with them is called:
a) Kin selection theory
b) Reciprocity theory
c) Empathy-altruism theory
d) Social exchange theory
Answer: c) Empathy-altruism theory
The tendency to attribute one’s successes to internal factors and failures to external factors is known as:
a) Self-serving bias
b) Fundamental attribution error
c) Confirmation bias
d) Halo effect
Answer: a) Self-serving bias
The theory that proposes individuals learn social behavior through observation and imitation of others is called:
a) Social learning theory
b) Social exchange theory
c) Cognitive dissonance theory
d) In-group bias
Answer: a) Social learning theory
The process of perceiving and interpreting information about others in a way that conforms to one’s preexisting beliefs and expectations is known as:
a) Stereotyping
b) Confirmation bias
c) Out-group homogeneity
d) Implicit bias
Answer: b) Confirmation bias
The theory that suggests individuals are more likely to help others when they perceive the benefits to outweigh the costs is called:
a) Kin selection theory
b) Reciprocity theory
c) Social exchange theory
d) Norm of reciprocity
Answer: c) Social exchange theory
The tendency to rely on stereotypes and generalizations when forming judgments about members of different social groups is called:
a) Prejudice
b) Discrimination
c) Implicit bias
d) In-group favoritism
Answer: c) Implicit bias
The concept that refers to the phenomenon in which individuals in a group tend to make more extreme decisions than they would individually is called:
a) Group polarization
b) Groupthink
c) Social facilitation
d) Deindividuation
Answer: a) Group polarization
The theory that suggests individuals are motivated to maintain a positive self-image and will experience discomfort when their actions conflict with their self-concept is called:
a) Self-perception theory
b) Cognitive dissonance theory
c) Social identity theory
d) Self-affirmation theory
Answer: b) Cognitive dissonance theory
The tendency for individuals to exert more effort in a group task when they believe their individual contributions are identifiable is known as:
a) Social facilitation
b) Social loafing
c) Deindividuation
d) Bystander effect
Answer: a) Social facilitation
The process through which individuals form opinions or make decisions based on the actions or beliefs of others is referred to as:
a) Social influence
b) Socialization
c) Persuasion
d) Compliance
Answer: a) Social influence
The theory that suggests individuals are more likely to comply with a request if it is presented by someone with perceived authority or expertise is called:
a) Normative social influence
b) Informational social influence
c) Obedience
d) Foot-in-the-door technique
Answer: c) Obedience
The concept that refers to the tendency for people to be more likely to help in emergency situations when others are present is called:
a) Altruism
b) Bystander effect
c) Diffusion of responsibility
d) Empathy
Answer: b) Bystander effect
The process through which individuals develop and maintain relationships with others is known as:
a) Social cognition
b) Social interaction
c) Social exchange
d) Social perception
Answer: b) Social interaction
The theory that proposes individuals categorize themselves and others into social groups to gain a sense of identity and self-esteem is called:
a) Self-perception theory
b) Social identity theory
c) Social comparison theory
d) Self-fulfilling prophecy
Answer: b) Social identity theory
The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors is known as:
a) Self-serving bias
b) Fundamental attribution error
c) Actor-observer bias
d) Halo effect
Answer: a) Self-serving bias
The process by which individuals acquire the beliefs, values, and behaviors of their culture or social group is referred to as:
a) Socialization
b) Assimilation
c) Acculturation
d) Enculturation
Answer: a) Socialization
The tendency for individuals to favor members of their own social group and display positive attitudes towards them is called:
a) Prejudice
b) Discrimination
c) In-group favoritism
d) Out-group homogeneity
Answer: c) In-group favoritism
The theory that proposes people’s attitudes and behaviors are influenced by the perceived social norms and expectations of their social group is called:
a) Social identity theory
b) Social comparison theory
c) Normative social influence
d) Self-perception theory
Answer: c) Normative social influence
The phenomenon in which individuals conform to the majority opinion of a group, even if it goes against their own beliefs, is known as:
a) Groupthink
b) Social facilitation
c) Conformity
d) Obedience
Answer: c) Conformity
The process of maintaining positive social relationships and connections with others is referred to as:
a) Social affiliation
b) Social cognition
c) Socialization
d) Social bonding
Answer: a) Social affiliation
The theory that proposes individuals are motivated to maintain consistency between their attitudes and behaviors is called:
a) Self-perception theory
b) Cognitive dissonance theory
c) Social exchange theory
d) Reciprocity theory
Answer: b) Cognitive dissonance theory
The tendency for individuals to exert less effort in a group task when they believe their individual efforts will not be noticed or rewarded is known as:
a) Social facilitation
b) Group polarization
c) Deindividuation
d) Social loafing
Answer: d) Social loafing
The process through which individuals form impressions or judgments about others based on their appearance, behavior, or other characteristics is called:
a) Stereotyping
b) Prejudice
c) Discrimination
d) Social perception
Answer: d) Social perception
The phenomenon in which individuals are more likely to comply with a large request after first complying with a smaller, related request is known as:
a) Reciprocity
b) Door-in-the-face technique
c) Foot-in-the-door technique
d) Obedience
Answer: c) Foot-in-the-door technique
The theory that proposes individuals are more likely to help others if they believe they will receive help in return is called:
a) Altruism
b) Reciprocity theory
c) Social exchange theory
d) Empathy-altruism theory
Answer: c) Social exchange theory
The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal factors while ignoring the impact of situational factors is known as:
a) Self-serving bias
b) Actor-observer bias
c) Fundamental attribution error
d) Halo effect
Answer: c) Fundamental attribution error
The concept that refers to the tendency to view members of an out-group as more similar to each other than members of the in-group is called:
a) Out-group bias
b) In-group favoritism
c) Stereotyping
d) Out-group homogeneity
Answer: d) Out-group homogeneity