What is the primary function of respiration in living organisms?
a) Energy production
b) Water absorption
c) Waste elimination
d) Temperature regulation
Answer: a) Energy production
Which gas is exchanged between the lungs and the bloodstream during respiration?
a) Oxygen (O2)
b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) Nitrogen (N2)
d) Hydrogen (H2)
Answer: a) Oxygen (O2) and b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Where does external respiration primarily occur in the human body?
a) Liver
b) Stomach
c) Lungs
d) Kidneys
Answer: c) Lungs
What is the process by which oxygen is transported in the bloodstream bound to hemoglobin?
a) Diffusion
b) Osmosis
c) Active transport
d) Hemoglobin binding
Answer: d) Hemoglobin binding
During which phase of cellular respiration does the majority of ATP production occur?
a) Glycolysis
b) Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
c) Electron transport chain
d) Fermentation
Answer: c) Electron transport chain
Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?
a) Oxygen (O2)
b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) Water (H2O)
d) Glucose (C6H12O6)
Answer: c) Water (H2O)
In anaerobic respiration, what molecule is produced as a byproduct in place of oxygen?
a) Nitrogen (N2)
b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) Lactic acid (C3H6O3)
d) Ethanol (C2H5OH)
Answer: c) Lactic acid (C3H6O3) and d) Ethanol (C2H5OH)
Which organelle is responsible for carrying out cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondrion
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: b) Mitochondrion
During which phase of respiration is glucose partially broken down into pyruvate?
a) Glycolysis
b) Krebs cycle
c) Electron transport chain
d) Fermentation
Answer: a) Glycolysis
What is the overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration?
a) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
b) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 → 6O2 + 6H2O + ATP
c) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ATP
d) 6O2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6CO2 + ATP
Answer: a) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What is the term for the process of breaking down glucose into ATP without the use of oxygen?
a) Aerobic respiration
b) Anaerobic respiration
c) Oxidative phosphorylation
d) Glycolysis
Answer: b) Anaerobic respiration
During which stage of aerobic respiration is the majority of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced?
a) Glycolysis
b) Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
c) Electron transport chain
d) Fermentation
Answer: b) Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
What is the primary function of the respiratory system in multicellular organisms?
a) Digestion of food
b) Gas exchange
c) Reproduction
d) Blood circulation
Answer: b) Gas exchange
Which of the following respiratory structures is responsible for trapping and removing foreign particles from the inhaled air?
a) Alveoli
b) Bronchioles
c) Cilia
d) Capillaries
Answer: c) Cilia
Which gas serves as a signaling molecule in the regulation of breathing rate and depth?
a) Oxygen (O2)
b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) Nitrogen (N2)
d) Hydrogen (H2)
Answer: b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
In which part of the cell does glycolysis take place?
a) Nucleus
b) Cytoplasm
c) Mitochondrion
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: b) Cytoplasm
What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced directly through glycolysis?
a) 1 ATP
b) 2 ATP
c) 4 ATP
d) 36 ATP
Answer: b) 2 ATP
Which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration when oxygen is not available?
a) Oxygen (O2)
b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) Lactic acid (C3H6O3)
d) Nitrate (NO3-)
Answer: d) Nitrate (NO3-)
During exercise, which process becomes more prominent to provide additional energy when oxygen levels are limited?
a) Glycolysis
b) Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
c) Electron transport chain
d) Oxidative phosphorylation
Answer: a) Glycolysis
Which gas is released as a waste product of cellular respiration in both aerobic and anaerobic pathways?
a) Oxygen (O2)
b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) Nitrogen (N2)
d) Hydrogen (H2)
Answer: b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
What is the primary function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?
a) Pumping oxygen into the lungs
b) Expanding the ribcage
c) Contracting during exhalation
d) Facilitating gas exchange
Answer: b) Expanding the ribcage
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?
a) Regulation of blood pH
b) Exchange of gases
c) Production of ATP
d) Removal of waste products
Answer: c) Production of ATP
During which stage of aerobic respiration is carbon dioxide (CO2) produced as a byproduct?
a) Glycolysis
b) Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
c) Electron transport chain
d) Fermentation
Answer: b) Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid in red blood cells during gas transport?
a) Amylase
b) Carbonic anhydrase
c) Lipase
d) Catalase
Answer: b) Carbonic anhydrase
What is the primary function of surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs?
a) Promoting gas diffusion
b) Trapping dust particles
c) Preventing alveolar collapse
d) Absorbing excess oxygen
Answer: c) Preventing alveolar collapse
Which of the following conditions can lead to hyperventilation and decreased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood?
a) High-altitude exposure
b) Holding one’s breath
c) Respiratory acidosis
d) Anxiety or panic attacks
Answer: d) Anxiety or panic attacks
In which step of cellular respiration is the majority of NADH and FADH2 generated?
a) Glycolysis
b) Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
c) Electron transport chain
d) Fermentation
Answer: b) Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
What is the role of oxygen (O2) in the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration?
a) It serves as the final electron acceptor.
b) It is a byproduct of ATP synthesis.
c) It activates glycolysis.
d) It produces carbon dioxide (CO2).
Answer: a) It serves as the final electron acceptor.
Which of the following respiratory disorders is characterized by the narrowing of airways, leading to difficulty in breathing and wheezing?
a) Pneumonia
b) Asthma
c) Bronchitis
d) Emphysema
Answer: b) Asthma
What is the term for the process of releasing energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen?
a) Aerobic respiration
b) Anaerobic respiration
c) Photosynthesis
d) Oxidative phosphorylation
Answer: b) Anaerobic respiration